Growing Pains in Young Athletes: Understanding Apophysitis as Winter Sports Return

As winter sports return, we often see a rise in young athletes presenting with heel or knee pain. Sports like soccer, netball, AFL, basketball and rugby all ramp up again .. . and so do conditions linked to growing bodies under increasing load.

Two of most common causes of pain in active kids during this time are Sever’s disease and Osgood-Schlatter’s disease. Both fall under a broader category called apophysitis.

What is Apophysitis?

Apophysitis refers to irritation or inflammation at a growth plate where a tendon attaches to bone. In growing children, these areas are naturally weaker because the bone is still developing. When strong muscles repeatedly pulll on these developing areas durign sport, the attachment site can become irritated and painful.

A key factor is that bones and muscles don’t always grow at the same rate. During growth spurts, bone may lengthen quickly while muscles and tendons temporarily become tighter. This increase tension places more stress on the attachment points .

When sport volumes increases, like at the start of a season, these areas can become overloaded.

Sever’s Disease (heel pain)

Sever’s disease affects the back of the heel, where the calf muscles attach via the Achilles tendon. It commonly occurs in children aged 8-12 years, particularly those involved in running and jumping sports.

 

Common signs include:

– Heel pain during or after sport

– Tenderness at the back or sides

– Limping or discomfort walking after activity

– Pain with running, jumping or calf raises

Osgood-Schlatter’s Disease

Osgood-Schlatter disease affects just below the kneecap, where the patella tendon attaches to the shin bone. It typically occurs in children aged 10-16 years, especially during periods of rapid growth.

 

Common signs include:

– Pain or swelling just below the kneecap

– Tenderness at the tibial tuberosity (the bony bump below the knee)

– Pain when running, jumping, kneeling or squatting

– Pain worsens with sport

Why We See More Cases at the Start of Sports Seasons

At the beginning of winter sports seasons, young athletes often experience:

– A sudden increase in training load

– Multiple sports or training sessions per week

– Growth spurts

– Reduced recovery between activities

 

These factors together can increase stress on developing growth plates.

 

The Good News – Kids Can Usually Keep Moving

These conditions are very common and often managed well. In most cases, young athletes don’t need to stop sport complete. Instead, management usually focuses on:

– Adjusting training load

– Managing symptoms

– Improving strength and flexibility

– Supporting a gradual return to full activity

 

With the right approach, kids can stay active while allowing the irritated area to settle.

A Quick but Important Note

While Sever’s disease and Osgood-Schlatter disease are common causes of heel and knee pain in growing athletes, similar symptoms can sometimes be caused by other conditions or injuries. Because of this, it’s always best to have ongoing pain assessed by a physiotherapist who can help differentiate the cause and guide the most appropriate treatment and return-to-sport plan.

 

When to Seek Advice

If your child is experiencing ongoing heel or knee pain with sport, it’s worth having it assessed early. Appropriate guidance can help manage symptoms, prevent flare-ups, and keep kids participating in the activities they enjoy.

At our clinic, we work with young athletes and their families to identify the cause of pain, guide treatment, and support a safe return to sport for growing bodies

Understanding Menopause: How to Support Your Body Through Change

Menopause is a natural biological transition, but it influences far more than reproductive hormones. Research shows that hormonal shifts can affect muscle, bone, sleep and nervous system regulation. Understanding these changes helps guide strategies to support physical and emotional wellbeing!

MUSCULOSKELETAL CHANGES

Reduction in Muscle Mass

Oestrogen plays a key role in muscle and connective tissue health. After menopause, muscle mass declines at an estimated 1-2% per year, which can accelerate strength loss and increase the risk of sarcopenia (age-related muscle loss). This can influence balance, functional capacity and long-term resilience.

Strength is highly adaptable. Resistance training can improve muscular strength by 25-100% depending on baseline capacity and program design. This makes it one of the most effective strategies to preserve function and independence.

Increase Risk of Osteoporosis

Bone health is also affected. Bone density peaks around the age of 30 years old for both men and women. However the reduction in oestrogen during menopause accelerates this reduction, increasing risk of osteoporosis and fractures for women. Studies have shown progressive resistance training and impact loading stimulate bone adaption and help slow the rate of bone density reduction. It is important that these programs are individualised and specific to each person.

Tendon Loading

Tendons may respond differently to load during menopause. Some women may notice changes tendon health and increased susceptibility to tendinopathies such as tennis elbow or proximal hamstring issues. Progressing loading and individualised rehabilitation help tendons adapt and improve resilience.

SLEEP AND RECOVERY

Sleep disturbance is common during menopause, affecting 40-60% of women. Poor sleep influences recovery, mood and pain sensitivity, and can heighten nervous system reactivity.

When sleep is disrupted, the nervous system may become more sensitive, amplifying feelings of pain, discomfort and fatigue. This does not always indicate structural damage, it reflects how the body processed information. Addressing sleep hygiene and establishing consistent routines can support better rest and recovery.

Regular physical activity also improves sleep quality and mood in many individuals. Movement helps regulate circadian rhythms and promotes physiological recovery, contributing to overall wellbeing.

NERVOUS SYTEM AND SENSITIVTY

The nervous system regulates how we perceive and respond to stress and sensory input. Hormonal changes during menopause can influence nervous system sensitivity, sometimes heightening pain perception.

This increased sensitivity does not always mean tissue damage, it reflects changes to how the body is processing. Graded exercise, movement and stress management strategies can help regulate nervous system responses and improve tolerance to activity.

WHAT THIS MEANS FOR MOVEMENT AND FUNCTION

Movement is protective. It supports physical and emotional wellbeing, reducing the risk of long-term functional decline and helps maintain independence.

 

Strength training, progressive exercise and individualised programs help:

– Maintain muscle and bone health

– Support tendon resilience

– Improve sleep and recovery

– Enhance functional capacity

– Regulate nervous system responses

HOW PHYSIO CAN HELP

Every person experiences menopause differently. As physio’s we work with you to assess and treat areas of concerns, whilst considering physiological changes at this time. We want to keep you moving!

 

Physiotherapy can help:

– Assess and treat joint stiffness, muscle tightness and structural changes

– Guide safe and progressive loading

– Educate on how to support musculoskeletal health

– Manage pain and movement concerns

 

Working with a multidisciplinary team – including your GP, specialists, exercise physiologist, dietitian, psychologist etc – helps provide comprehensive care tailored to your individual needs.

If you have any questions, or would like support – our team is here to help!